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Opening sentence of Bundesjustizministerin: Hubig will Mietern Einbau von Klimaanlagen erleichtern, tagesschau.de, 19 August 2026. Quoted for study. The words are the publisher's; the analysis is ours.
Meaning
So far, tenants have had no legal right to be allowed to install an air conditioner in the apartment.
Word for word: Until-now have tenants no legal claim to-it, an air-conditioning in the apartment to-install to-be-allowed.
States that, up to now, German law does not give renters the right to install air conditioning; typical of legal or advice texts about tenant rights.
A main clause in the perfect tense (haben + past participle) with the verb-second rule; the object of 'Anspruch auf' is expanded by a zu-infinitive clause with the modal 'dürfen' at its end.
Rules at work(7)
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Bislang haben Mieter
The fronted adverb 'Bislang' occupies the first position, so the finite verb follows immediately in second position.
In a German main clause the finite verb is always the second element. The first element can be the subject, but it can just as easily be a time expression, an object or a whole subordinate clause; whatever it is, it counts as one element and the verb follows it. This is why putting something other than the subject first pushes the subject after the verb.
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einbauen zu dürfen
The content of the entitlement is expressed by a zu-infinitive clause depending on 'darauf', with the modal 'dürfen' at the end.
Many verbs, adjectives and nouns take an infinitive introduced by zu, which stands at the end of its clause. With a separable verb the zu goes between the prefix and the stem, giving aufzustehen.
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haben ... Anspruch
The sentence uses haben as auxiliary for the perfect tense of 'haben' itself.
The perfect is the ordinary spoken past. It is built from the present of haben in second position and the past participle at the end of the clause. Most verbs take haben, including every verb with a direct object and every reflexive verb.
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Mieter haben
Plural subject 'Mieter' takes the plural form 'haben'.
The finite verb takes an ending that matches its subject in person and number. The endings for regular verbs in the present are e, st, t, en, t, en.
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keinen gesetzlichen Anspruch
'Kein' negates the noun 'Anspruch' and takes mixed adjective endings after it.
A noun that would take ein or no article at all is negated with kein rather than nicht. Kein declines exactly like ein and has a plural, so Ich habe keine Zeit and Ich habe keine Kinder.
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in der Wohnung
'In' takes dative here because location, not direction, is meant.
An, auf, hinter, in, neben, über, unter, vor and zwischen take the accusative when the phrase answers where to, and the dative when it answers where. The distinction is movement across a boundary against position, not motion against stillness.
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darauf
'Darauf' refers forward to the following infinitive clause, a standard way to attach clauses to fixed prepositions.
Where a preposition would be followed by a pronoun standing for a thing rather than a person, German fuses the two: damit, darauf, davon. An r appears between them when the preposition begins with a vowel.
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Words(15)
- bislang
so far, until now
adverbB2temporal
- haben
to have
verbA1haben, hatte, hat gehabtmit habenirregular
As an auxiliary it forms the perfect tenses of most verbs.
- der Mieter
tenant
nounB1pl. Mietergen. Mietersstrong declension
- kein
no, not a
determinerA1negative
- gesetzlich
legal, statutory
adjectiveB2gesetzlicher, am gesetzlichsten
- der Anspruch
claim, entitlement
nounB2pl. Ansprüchegen. Anspruchsstrong declension
Fixed pattern: Anspruch auf etwas (accusative).
- darauf
on it, to it
pronounB1demonstrative
- ein
a, an, one
determinerA1indefinite
The form einer here is dative feminine singular, not the pronoun meaning 'one'.
- die Klimaanlage
air conditioning unit
nounB1pl. Klimaanlagengen. Klimaanlageweak declension
- in
in, into
prepositionA1governs accusative or dative
Dative for location, accusative for direction.
- der
the
determinerA1definite
Appears twice: dative feminine 'der Wirtschaft' and nominative plural 'die Beschlüsse'.
- die Wohnung
flat, apartment
nounA1pl. Wohnungengen. Wohnungstrong declension
- einbauen
to install, to fit in
verbB1einbauen, baute ein, hat eingebautmit habenseparableweak
- zu
marker before infinitives
particleA1
Only certain verbs and expressions allow a zu-infinitive; it also exists as a preposition 'to'.
- dürfen
to be allowed to, may
verbA1dürfen, durfte, hat gedurftmit habenmodal
In Konjunktiv II ('dürfte') it does not mean permission but a confident assumption: 'dürfte stimmen' = 'is probably correct'.