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Passiv
Werden plus a past participle. The agent, when it is mentioned at all, follows von for a person and durch for a means. In the perfect passive the participle of werden appears as worden rather than geworden.
Real sentences from the lexicon. The marked words are what show the rule.
Nun wurde bekannt, dass die geplante Steuer womöglich ausgeweitet werden soll, etwa auf Fruchtnektar oder Haferdrinks.
It has now become known that the planned tax is possibly to be extended, for example to fruit nectar or oat drinks.
The tax does not extend itself; the passive infinitive with werden expresses that an extension may be carried out.
Betroffen wären dann wohl auch zuckerfreie Limonaden. Vorgeschlagen wird, dass solche Getränke mit 26 Cent pro Liter besteuert werden.
Sugar-free lemonades would probably also be affected. It is proposed that such drinks be taxed at 26 cents per litre.
The first main clause is a werden-passive without an expressed agent.
Auch Bauministerin Verena Hubertz (SPD) und Gesundheitsminister Carsten Linnemann (CDU) trügen Verantwortung "und müssen handeln, statt zuzusehen, wie unsere Städte weiter zugepflastert werden und Menschen an extremer Hitze sterben".
Building Minister Verena Hubertz (SPD) and Health Minister Carsten Linnemann (CDU) also bear responsibility 'and must act rather than stand by watching as our cities continue to be paved over and people die from extreme heat.'
The werden-passive presents the cities as affected by an unnamed agent paving them over.
Der Einsatz sei zunächst für sieben Tage vorgesehen. Etwa 30 Bewohner von Monschau-Kalterherberg waren am Sonntagabend wegen einer möglichen starken Rauchbelastung evakuiert worden.
The operation was initially planned to last seven days. Around 30 residents of Monschau-Kalterherberg had been evacuated on Sunday evening because of possible heavy smoke exposure.
The second sentence is a pluperfect passive: the residents were evacuated by unspecified agents.
Das ist die Abgabe, die auf Strom, Heizöl, Gas und Sprit erhoben wird.
That is the levy that is raised on electricity, heating oil, gas and fuel.
The werden-passive in the present tense expresses that the levy is imposed, without naming an agent.
Zwei Hubschrauber mit Löschwasserbehältern würden dafür bereitgestellt, teilte das Bundesverteidigungsministerium mit.
Two helicopters with water tanks for firefighting would be provided, the Federal Ministry of Defence announced.
The helicopters are not doing anything themselves; werden + past participle expresses that they are being provided.
Die Energiewende soll möglichst sozial gerecht gestaltet werden, von den Fördermaßnahmen für E-Autos oder Heizungen bis zum CO2-Preis.
The energy transition is to be designed in as socially fair a way as possible, from the subsidy programmes for electric cars or heating systems to the CO2 price.
The past participle 'gestaltet' plus the infinitive 'werden' forms the passive infinitive, so the subject 'die Energiewende' undergoes the action instead of performing it.
"Zudem hat der Bund insbesondere mit seinem "Sondervermögen Infrastruktur und Klimaneutralität" schon beträchtliche Mittel zur Verfügung gestellt, die - ganz ohne erneute Verfassungsänderung - auch für Maßnahmen der Klimaanpassung genutzt werden können", sagte der im Kanzleramt für die Bund-Länder-Zusammenarbeit zuständige Staatsminister.
'Moreover, the federal government has already made considerable funds available through its Special Fund for Infrastructure and Climate Neutrality — funds which, quite without any new constitutional amendment, can also be used for climate adaptation measures,' said the minister of state responsible at the Chancellery for federal-state cooperation.
The werden-passive appears as an infinitive (participle II + werden) because it depends on the modal können: 'can be used'.
Diese Mittel könnten nicht nur im Rahmen der Bundeszuständigkeiten, sondern etwa im Hinblick auf den Länderanteil von 100 Milliarden Euro auch schon heute flexibel genutzt werden. Amthor betonte, in der Gesamtdiskussion sollte nicht vergessen werden, dass der Bund schon heute beträchtliche Finanzmittel über bestehende Förderprogramme in die Fläche vergebe.
These funds could be used not only within the scope of federal responsibilities, but also, for example with regard to the states' share of 100 billion euros, flexibly even today. Amthor emphasised that in the overall discussion it should not be forgotten that the federal government is already channelling considerable funds into the field through existing funding programmes.
The process is presented from the perspective of the funds, so the passive with 'werden' is used under the modal 'könnten'.
Davon sollen unter anderem Kommunen, Pflegeheime, Kitas und Krankenhäuser profitieren. Der stellvertretende Regierungssprecher Sebastian Hille betont, über diesen Vorstoß werde nun innerhalb der Bundesregierung beraten.
Among others, municipalities, care homes, day-care centres and hospitals are to benefit from this. Deputy government spokesman Sebastian Hille stressed that this initiative would now be discussed within the federal government.
Vorgangspassive with werden + past participle; the agent is unexpressed.
In dem SPD-Papier, das dem ARD-Hauptstadtstudio vorliegt, werden als Beispiele unter anderem der Schutz vor Hitze oder Hochwasser oder mehr Bäume und Grünanlagen genannt. Bis dahin soll ein Sofortprogramm greifen: Die SPD will bestehende Förderprogramme des Bundes für die kommenden drei Jahre bündeln, besser aufeinander abstimmen und ausweiten.
In the SPD paper, which is available to the ARD capital studio, examples such as protection from heat or flooding or more trees and green spaces are mentioned. Until then, an immediate programme is to take effect: the SPD wants to bundle existing federal funding programmes for the coming three years, coordinate them better with one another and expand them.
The examples are presented without naming who mentions them, so the passive with werden + past participle is used.
Das sei sehr kräftezehrend, das Personal müsse regelmäßig ausgetauscht werden.
This is said to be very draining; the staff would have to be replaced regularly.
The subject 'das Personal' undergoes the action rather than performing it, so the passive with werden is used.
Entwarnung gibt die Feuerwehr aber nicht - für Dienstag ist starker Wind vorhergesagt.
The fire brigade, however, has not given the all-clear – strong winds are forecast for Tuesday.
Present-tense Vorgangspassiv with sein plus past participle; the thing forecast, starker Wind, is the nominative subject, letting the report avoid naming who made the forecast.
Allerdings seien für Dienstag starker Wind und Böen aus südwestlicher Richtung vorhergesagt.
However, strong wind and gusts from a south-westerly direction are forecast for Tuesday.
The forecast is expressed passively: what is predicted is the subject, with the participle 'vorhergesagt' at the end.
Heute wird ein neues Forschungszentrum zur Drohnenabwehr eröffnet.
Today a new research centre for drone defence is being opened.
Present passive formed with werden plus past participle; the agent is omitted.
Hier werden Rettungsdrohnen zur Vermisstensuche entwickelt, Algorithmen für Drohnenschwärme programmiert und unbemannte Mini-Helikopter für das World Food Programme der Vereinten Nationen getestet.
Rescue drones for finding missing persons are developed here, algorithms for drone swarms are programmed, and unmanned mini-helicopters are tested for the World Food Programme of the United Nations.
All three predicates are Vorgangspassiv constructions: werden plus past participle, since the doers are unimportant.
Die Brandmauer zur AfD sei gescheitert, sagen Parteigründerin Sahra Wagenknecht und die beiden Parteichefs Amira Mohamed Ali und Fabio De Masi. Auch wenn die AfD in Sachsen-Anhalt als gesichert rechtsextremistisch eingestuft ist und das BSW sich auf der anderen Seite des politischen Spektrums von der Linken abtrennte, sagt Politikwissenschaftler Höhne: "Es gibt tatsächlich viele Schnittmengen zwischen beiden Parteien.
The firewall against the AfD has failed, say party founder Sahra Wagenknecht and the two party leaders Amira Mohamed Ali and Fabio De Masi. Even though the AfD in Saxony-Anhalt is classified as securely right-wing extremist and the BSW split off from the Left on the other side of the political spectrum, says political scientist Höhne: "There really are many overlaps between the two parties."
Present-tense passive with sein plus past participle expresses that the AfD is being classified by others.
Auf dem Gelände des ehemaligen Flughafens in Cochstedt, den das DLR 2019 übernommen hatte, wird bereits an zivilen Drohnenanwendungen wie beispielsweise für die Landwirtschaft oder zur Brandbekämpfung geforscht: Das Technologiezentrum arbeitet neben Cochstedt auch am DLR-Standort Braunschweig.
On the site of the former airport at Cochstedt, which the DLR took over in 2019, research is already being carried out on civilian drone applications such as those for agriculture or firefighting: the technology centre is working not only at Cochstedt but also at the DLR site in Braunschweig.
Forschen has no agent named; the present passive with werden expresses that research is being done.
Das ist die Idee an dieser Stelle: hybride Bedrohung als Erosionstreiber des Staatsvertrauens", warnte Dobrindt. Am Standort des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) sollen Technologien zur sicheren Nutzung sowie zur Erkennung und Abwehr von Drohnen entwickelt und erprobt werden.
"That is the idea at this point: hybrid threats as a driver of erosion of trust in the state," warned Dobrindt. At the site of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), technologies for secure use as well as for detection and defence against drones are to be developed and tested.
The participles plus final werden form a passive describing what is done to the technologies.
Dort sollen auch gezielte Abwehrmöglichkeiten gegen die wachsende Bedrohung entwickelt werden.
There, targeted defence options against the growing threat are also to be developed.
The subject 'Abwehrmöglichkeiten' is the thing being developed, so the passive with 'werden' plus past participle is used.
Obwohl die Grenzen innerhalb der EU eigentlich offen sein sollen, wird seit dem 16. September 2024 wieder an allen deutschen Außengrenzen kontrolliert.
Although the borders within the EU are actually supposed to be open, checks have been carried out again at all German external borders since 16 September 2024.
The main clause is a present-tense passive without an agent: checks are being carried out.
Sollte die EU-Kommission nicht widersprechen, gilt die Regelung bis Mitte März kommenden Jahres. Die Kontrollen an den deutschen Außengrenzen sollen um ein weiteres halbes Jahr bis Mitte März verlängert werden.
Should the EU Commission not object, the regulation will apply until mid-March of next year. The checks at the German external borders are to be extended by a further six months until mid-March.
Werden-passive with the past participle verlängert; the subject Kontrollen undergoes the extension.
"Wenn Hitzeschutz mit baulichen Veränderungen an der Wohnung verbunden ist, ist das bislang gar nicht so einfach." Es müssten per Gesetz "für beide Seiten klare und praktikable Regelungen" geschaffen werden.
If heat protection is connected with structural changes to the flat, that is not at all easy at present. Clear and workable regulations 'for both sides' would have to be created by law.
The regulations are created by someone unspecified, so the passive infinitive 'geschaffen werden' is used with the modal.
"Der Kanzler wird anschließend ein paar freie Tage haben." Es wurden dann ein paar freie Tage mehr.
The Chancellor will then have a few days off.
Impersonal werden-construction in the preterite stating that more free days came about, without an agent.
Er ist einer von vielen Helferinnen und Helfern, die an diesem 19. August 2026 Menschen in einer Krisenregion helfen zu überleben. Der Tag der humanitären Hilfe, der seit 2008 einmal im Jahr die Leistungen der Helfer würdigen soll, erinnert an die Explosion einer Autobombe vor dem UN-Hauptquartier in Bagdad am 19. August 2003. Dabei wurden der damalige Hochkommissar für Menschenrechte, Sergio Vieira de Mello, und 21 weitere UN-Mitarbeiter getötet.
He is one of the many helpers who, on this 19 August 2026, help people in a crisis region to survive. World Humanitarian Day, which since 2008 has once a year been meant to honour the achievements of aid workers, commemorates the explosion of a car bomb in front of the UN headquarters in Baghdad on 19 August 2003. In the attack, the then High Commissioner for Human Rights, Sergio Vieira de Mello, and 21 other UN staff members were killed.
The third sentence is a werden-passive: the victims are the subject and no agent is named.
In vielen Ländern werden die Mittel gekürzt - auch durch die Bundesregierung.
In many countries the funds are being cut — also by the federal government.
The subject 'die Mittel' undergoes the action rather than performing it.
Das EU-Agrarbudget wird derzeit im Rahmen der EU-Finanzplanung neu verhandelt. Rainer argumentiert: Nur wenn die Landwirte genügend finanzielle Unterstützung bekommen, lässt sich sicherstellen, dass die Menschen in Deutschland und Europa auch weiterhin genug heimische Lebensmittel auf dem Tisch haben.
The EU agricultural budget is currently being renegotiated as part of EU financial planning. Rainer argues: only if farmers receive sufficient financial support can it be ensured that people in Germany and Europe will continue to have enough domestic food on the table.
The budget is not doing anything itself; the process done to it is foregrounded and the agent is omitted.
Sie könne sich zum Beispiel vorstellen, dass es Mieterinnen und Mietern erleichtert wird, ihre Wohnungen mit Klimaanlagen oder Sonnenblenden auszustatten, sagte sie der Rheinischen Post.
She said to the Rheinische Post that, for example, she could imagine it being made easier for female and male tenants to equip their apartments with air conditioning or sun blinds.
The dass-clause uses present passive with werden; the dative nouns are the beneficiaries and no agent is named.
Am Wochenende wurde ein Papier öffentlich, das zudem einen groben Rahmen für mehr Hitze- und Klimaschutz umreißt.
At the weekend, a paper became public that also outlines a rough framework for more heat and climate protection.
The agent is unimportant or unknown, so a passive-like construction presents the event from the paper's perspective.
Unter anderem soll mit einem "Erwerbsbooster" die Armut verringert werden. Von Dagmar Pepping, ARD-Hauptstadtstudio Lukas Hochscheidt von der Arbeiterwohlfahrt (AWO) stellt dem Sozialstaat in Deutschland ein denkbar schlechtes Zeugnis aus.
Among other things, an 'employment booster' is supposed to reduce poverty. By Dagmar Pepping, ARD capital studio — Lukas Hochscheidt of the Workers' Welfare Association (AWO) gives the welfare state in Germany a damning report card.
Vorgangspassive with werden plus past participle; the agent is unexpressed and the patient 'die Armut' is the subject.
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