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Asking the model to read this sentence.
A sentence nobody has read before takes a minute or two, because it means asking a language model. Nothing is lost if you leave this page: the address keeps the result.
German published today, taken apart sentence by sentence. Every line links back to the article it came from.
Modalverben
The six modals können, müssen, dürfen, sollen, wollen and mögen say something about the main verb rather than naming an action. The modal is the finite verb in second position and the main verb goes to the end of the clause as an infinitive.
Real sentences from the lexicon. The marked words are what show the rule.
Das Signal: Wir wollen fit sein für das, was da kommt.
The signal: we want to be fit for whatever is coming.
The modal wollen is conjugated and pushes the infinitive sein to the end of the clause.
Die Regierung muss schnell ins Handeln kommen.
The government must act quickly.
'Müssen' governs a bare infinitive placed at the end of the clause.
Ob Joggen vor 7 Uhr oder große Reformpläne - die Kabinettsklausur in Schloss Neuhardenberg sollte Tatkraft ausstrahlen.
Whether jogging before 7 a.m. or major reform plans - the cabinet retreat at Schloss Neuhardenberg was meant to radiate energy and drive.
The preterite modal 'sollte' governs the bare infinitive 'ausstrahlen' at the end of the clause.
"Und das wollen wir jetzt anpacken." Dabei appellierte der SPD-Politiker in den tagesthemen auch an die Geschlossenheit bei bevorstehenden schwierigen Entscheidungen.
And that is what we want to tackle now." In the tagesthemen news programme, the SPD politician also called for unity in the face of upcoming difficult decisions.
'Wollen' is conjugated and the lexical verb appears as a bare infinitive at the end of the clause.
"Das Wachstum muss zurückkommen.
The growth has to come back.
The modal muss is conjugated and pushes its dependent infinitive to the end of the clause.
"Wir brauchen als Land Zuwanderung - wir brauchen sie, wenn wir funktionieren wollen." "Es gibt keine Staatsbürger erster oder zweiter Klasse", betonte er.
"We need immigration as a country - we need it if we want to function." "There are no first- or second-class citizens," he emphasized.
The modal 'wollen' combines with the infinitive 'funktionieren'; in a subordinate clause both stand at the end, infinitive last.
Die Bundesregierung will eine Steuer auf zuckerhaltige Getränke einführen.
The federal government wants to introduce a tax on sugary drinks.
The modal wollen is conjugated in second position while its dependent infinitive einführen moves to the end of the clause.
Demnach soll die Steuer nicht nur bei zuckerhaltigen Getränken wie Limonaden fällig werden.
Accordingly, the tax is to apply not only to sugary drinks such as lemonades.
The modal 'soll' combines with the infinitive 'werden' at the end of the clause.
Auch Bauministerin Verena Hubertz (SPD) und Gesundheitsminister Carsten Linnemann (CDU) trügen Verantwortung "und müssen handeln, statt zuzusehen, wie unsere Städte weiter zugepflastert werden und Menschen an extremer Hitze sterben".
Building Minister Verena Hubertz (SPD) and Health Minister Carsten Linnemann (CDU) also bear responsibility 'and must act rather than stand by watching as our cities continue to be paved over and people die from extreme heat.'
The modal müssen is finite while the lexical verb handeln stands in the infinitive.
Neben dem Aktionsplan sieht das Programm unter anderem Änderungen im Bauplanungsrecht und den Schutz von Beschäftigten gegen die extremen Temperaturen vor. Metz nahm auch die CDU- und CSU-Minister in die Pflicht: "Umweltminister Schneider hat mehr Hitzeschutz angekündigt - das muss jetzt konkret werden und darf nicht beim nächsten Lippenbekenntnis bleiben", sagte sie.
Alongside the action plan, the programme provides, among other things, for changes to building-planning law and for the protection of workers against extreme temperatures. Metz also called the CDU and CSU ministers to account: \"Environment Minister Schneider has announced more heat protection – this must now become concrete and must not remain the next empty promise,\" she said.
Both 'müssen' and 'dürfen' appear in present-tense finite form with their lexical infinitives at the end of their respective conjuncts.
In Monschau in der Eifel mussten 30 Menschen ihre Häuser wegen des starken Rauchs verlassen.
In Monschau in the Eifel, 30 people had to leave their houses because of the heavy smoke.
The preterite modal mussten combines with the bare infinitive verlassen at the end of the clause.
Die Energiewende soll möglichst sozial gerecht gestaltet werden, von den Fördermaßnahmen für E-Autos oder Heizungen bis zum CO2-Preis.
The energy transition is to be designed in as socially fair a way as possible, from the subsidy programmes for electric cars or heating systems to the CO2 price.
The modal 'soll' governs a bare infinitive at the end of the clause and expresses that the action is demanded or intended rather than simply happening.
Doch die Kosten treffen nicht alle gleich - wer wenig verdient, kann sich E-Auto oder Wärmepumpe nicht leisten.
But the costs do not affect everyone equally – those who earn little cannot afford an electric car or a heat pump.
The modal 'kann' takes an infinitive complement placed at the end of the clause.
"Zudem hat der Bund insbesondere mit seinem "Sondervermögen Infrastruktur und Klimaneutralität" schon beträchtliche Mittel zur Verfügung gestellt, die - ganz ohne erneute Verfassungsänderung - auch für Maßnahmen der Klimaanpassung genutzt werden können", sagte der im Kanzleramt für die Bund-Länder-Zusammenarbeit zuständige Staatsminister.
'Moreover, the federal government has already made considerable funds available through its Special Fund for Infrastructure and Climate Neutrality — funds which, quite without any new constitutional amendment, can also be used for climate adaptation measures,' said the minister of state responsible at the Chancellery for federal-state cooperation.
The finite modal können governs the infinitive chain and expresses possibility.
Die Bundeswehr soll wachsen - und bisher scheint das auf freiwilliger Basis zu gelingen: Das Personalziel für 2026 ist erreicht.
The Bundeswehr is supposed to grow - and so far this seems to be succeeding on a voluntary basis: the personnel target for 2026 has been reached.
sollen appears as finite modal with a bare infinitive at the end of the clause.
Davon sollen unter anderem Kommunen, Pflegeheime, Kitas und Krankenhäuser profitieren. Der stellvertretende Regierungssprecher Sebastian Hille betont, über diesen Vorstoß werde nun innerhalb der Bundesregierung beraten.
Among others, municipalities, care homes, day-care centres and hospitals are to benefit from this. Deputy government spokesman Sebastian Hille stressed that this initiative would now be discussed within the federal government.
Modal 'sollen' takes a bare infinitive at the end of the clause and here expresses expectation/reported claim.
In dem SPD-Papier, das dem ARD-Hauptstadtstudio vorliegt, werden als Beispiele unter anderem der Schutz vor Hitze oder Hochwasser oder mehr Bäume und Grünanlagen genannt. Bis dahin soll ein Sofortprogramm greifen: Die SPD will bestehende Förderprogramme des Bundes für die kommenden drei Jahre bündeln, besser aufeinander abstimmen und ausweiten.
In the SPD paper, which is available to the ARD capital studio, examples such as protection from heat or flooding or more trees and green spaces are mentioned. Until then, an immediate programme is to take effect: the SPD wants to bundle existing federal funding programmes for the coming three years, coordinate them better with one another and expand them.
sollen expresses what is intended or expected, with the lexical verb as bare infinitive at the end.
Es geht um Geld, Zuständigkeiten und die Frage: Wie viel finanzielle Verantwortung soll der Bund übernehmen?
It's about money, areas of responsibility, and the question: How much financial responsibility should the federal government take on?
The modal 'soll' expresses obligation or expectation and pushes the lexical infinitive to the end of the clause.
Das sei sehr kräftezehrend, das Personal müsse regelmäßig ausgetauscht werden.
This is said to be very draining; the staff would have to be replaced regularly.
The modal 'müssen' takes a dependent infinitive at the end of the clause; with a passive infinitive the pattern is modal + participle + werden.
Die solarbetriebene Drohne "HAP-alpha" mit 27 Metern Spannweite soll einmal in der Lage sein, bis in die untere Stratosphäre, also bis in etwa zwanzig Kilometer Höhe aufzusteigen.
The solar-powered drone "HAP-alpha" with a wingspan of 27 metres is eventually supposed to be capable of ascending into the lower stratosphere, that is, to an altitude of about twenty kilometres.
The modal sollen governs the infinitives sein and aufsteigen, which stand at the end of the clause.
"Ohne belastbare Daten können wir schlecht Hilfe leisten." Der Deutsche Bauernverband (DBV) stellt heute eine Erntebilanz vor. Rainer will Ende August amtliche Erntedaten vorlegen.
"Without reliable data we can hardly provide help." The German Farmers' Association (DBV) is presenting a harvest balance today. Rainer wants to submit official harvest data at the end of August.
'Können' and 'wollen' are conjugated modals whose lexical infinitives appear in clause-final position.
Zudem sollen bis zu 40 neue Arbeitsplätze entstehen.
In addition, up to 40 new jobs are to be created.
The modal sollen takes a bare infinitive at the end of the clause and here expresses reported expectation.
Bis zu zehn Millionen Euro sollen in den kommenden Jahren in den Ausbau fließen.
Up to ten million euros are to flow into the expansion in the coming years.
The modal 'sollen' combines with the bare infinitive 'fließen' at the end of the clause.
Das ist die Idee an dieser Stelle: hybride Bedrohung als Erosionstreiber des Staatsvertrauens", warnte Dobrindt. Am Standort des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) sollen Technologien zur sicheren Nutzung sowie zur Erkennung und Abwehr von Drohnen entwickelt und erprobt werden.
"That is the idea at this point: hybrid threats as a driver of erosion of trust in the state," warned Dobrindt. At the site of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), technologies for secure use as well as for detection and defence against drones are to be developed and tested.
Sollen combines with the passive infinitive to report an intended measure.
"Wir setzen etwas dagegen", sagte Innenminister Alexander Dobrindt bei der Eröffnung des neuen Technologiezentrums Drohnensicherheit in Cochstedt in Sachsen-Anhalt. "Die hybriden Angriffe, sie sollen uns politisch und gesellschaftlich bezwingen.
"We will counter it," said Interior Minister Alexander Dobrindt at the opening of the new Technology Centre for Drone Security in Cochstedt in Saxony-Anhalt. "The hybrid attacks – they are meant to defeat us politically and socially.
The finite modal sollen combines with the infinitive bezwingen at the end of the clause.
Dort sollen auch gezielte Abwehrmöglichkeiten gegen die wachsende Bedrohung entwickelt werden.
There, targeted defence options against the growing threat are also to be developed.
The finite modal 'sollen' governs the infinitive phrase 'entwickelt werden' at the end of the clause.
Die Bürger in der Grenzstadt Monschau sollen in ihren Häusern bleiben, der Brandgeruch ist bis Köln und Wuppertal wahrnehmbar.
The citizens in the border town of Monschau are to stay in their houses; the smell of burning is perceptible as far away as Cologne and Wuppertal.
The modal 'sollen' is conjugated in second position while the infinitive 'bleiben' goes to the end, expressing an instruction.
Sollte die EU-Kommission nicht widersprechen, gilt die Regelung bis Mitte März kommenden Jahres. Die Kontrollen an den deutschen Außengrenzen sollen um ein weiteres halbes Jahr bis Mitte März verlängert werden.
Should the EU Commission not object, the regulation will apply until mid-March of next year. The checks at the German external borders are to be extended by a further six months until mid-March.
Sollen expresses what is planned or intended.
Bundesinnenminister Dobrindt will die Kontrollen an den deutschen Außengrenzen erneut verlängern.
Federal Interior Minister Dobrindt wants to extend the checks at Germany's external borders once again.
The modal wollen is conjugated finitely while the lexical verb appears as a bare infinitive at the end of the clause.
"Wenn Hitzeschutz mit baulichen Veränderungen an der Wohnung verbunden ist, ist das bislang gar nicht so einfach." Es müssten per Gesetz "für beide Seiten klare und praktikable Regelungen" geschaffen werden.
If heat protection is connected with structural changes to the flat, that is not at all easy at present. Clear and workable regulations 'for both sides' would have to be created by law.
The modal 'müssen' in Konjunktiv II governs the infinitive construction at the end of the sentence.
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