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German published today, taken apart sentence by sentence. Every line links back to the article it came from.
Konjunktiv II
The form for the hypothetical, the unreal and the polite. Wäre, hätte and the modals have their own forms; most other verbs use würde plus an infinitive.
Real sentences from the lexicon. The marked words are what show the rule.
Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, würde ich dir helfen.
If I had more time, I would help you.
Both clauses use Konjunktiv II forms to express an unreal condition: hätte for haben, würde + infinitive for helfen.
Betroffen wären dann wohl auch zuckerfreie Limonaden. Vorgeschlagen wird, dass solche Getränke mit 26 Cent pro Liter besteuert werden.
Sugar-free lemonades would probably also be affected. It is proposed that such drinks be taxed at 26 cents per litre.
The hypothetical consequence of the proposed tax is expressed with Konjunktiv II of sein.
"Mehr als 10.000 Menschen sind in diesem Jahr bereits infolge extremer Hitze gestorben - und gleichzeitig versiegeln wir weiter Flächen und fällen alte Bäume, als hätte das eine mit dem anderen nichts zu tun." Die DUH-Geschäftsführerin unterstützte die von Umweltminister Carsten Schneider (SPD) angekündigten Schritte und einen nationalen Aktionsplan der SPD-Kabinettsmitglieder.
"More than 10,000 people have already died this year as a result of extreme heat – and at the same time we go on sealing up land and felling old trees, as if the one had nothing to do with the other." The DUH managing director backed the steps announced by Environment Minister Carsten Schneider (SPD) and a national action plan by the SPD members of the cabinet.
An unreal comparison ('as if ...') requires Konjunktiv II, here hätte instead of hat.
Das Vorhaben ist umstritten. Die geplante Zuckersteuer könnte mehr Produkte betreffen als gedacht.
The plan is controversial. The planned sugar tax could affect more products than originally thought.
The Konjunktiv-II form of können signals possibility rather than fact, typical hedging in news style.
Zuletzt mehrten sich etwa Forderungen aus der Wirtschaft, die Beschlüsse müssten schnell kommen und spürbar sein.
Most recently, demands from the business world, among others, grew louder that the decisions would have to come quickly and be tangible.
In the reported demand the Konjunktiv I form 'müssen' would be identical to the indicative for a plural subject, so Konjunktiv II 'müssten' signals the reported necessity.
Im gesamten Jahr 2025 hätten die Bundesbehörden etwa 16.600 Menschen bei der geförderten Rückkehr in ihr Herkunftsland oder einen aufnahmebereiten Drittstaat unterstützt.
Over the whole of 2025, the federal authorities are said to have supported around 16,600 people in their state-funded return to their country of origin or to a third country willing to take them in.
The Konjunktiv II perfect is the standard form of German reported speech (indirekte Rede); the writer distances themselves from the claim.
Auch Bauministerin Verena Hubertz (SPD) und Gesundheitsminister Carsten Linnemann (CDU) trügen Verantwortung "und müssen handeln, statt zuzusehen, wie unsere Städte weiter zugepflastert werden und Menschen an extremer Hitze sterben".
Building Minister Verena Hubertz (SPD) and Health Minister Carsten Linnemann (CDU) also bear responsibility 'and must act rather than stand by watching as our cities continue to be paved over and people die from extreme heat.'
In reported speech Konjunktiv II replaces Konjunktiv I when the latter would be indistinguishable from the indicative plural (trage vs. tragen).
Zwei Hubschrauber mit Löschwasserbehältern würden dafür bereitgestellt, teilte das Bundesverteidigungsministerium mit.
Two helicopters with water tanks for firefighting would be provided, the Federal Ministry of Defence announced.
würden is the Konjunktiv II of werden, marking the provision as planned/hypothetical rather than an accomplished fact.
Diese Mittel könnten nicht nur im Rahmen der Bundeszuständigkeiten, sondern etwa im Hinblick auf den Länderanteil von 100 Milliarden Euro auch schon heute flexibel genutzt werden. Amthor betonte, in der Gesamtdiskussion sollte nicht vergessen werden, dass der Bund schon heute beträchtliche Finanzmittel über bestehende Förderprogramme in die Fläche vergebe.
These funds could be used not only within the scope of federal responsibilities, but also, for example with regard to the states' share of 100 billion euros, flexibly even today. Amthor emphasised that in the overall discussion it should not be forgotten that the federal government is already channelling considerable funds into the field through existing funding programmes.
The modal 'können' appears in its Konjunktiv II form to express a hypothetical possibility rather than a fact.
"Vor einer Diskussion über eine Verfassungsänderung sollte eine Diskussion über eine optimale Nutzung schon bestehender Handlungsmöglichkeiten stehen", sagte der CDU-Politiker der Nachrichtenagentur dpa.
"Before a discussion about a constitutional amendment there should be a discussion about the optimal use of options for action that already exist," the CDU politician told the dpa news agency.
Preterite form of the modal sollen used as Konjunktiv II to express what ought to happen.
Man macht sich starke Hoffnung, dass das in Sachsen-Anhalt gelingen könnte, und die Zahlen sprechen dafür, dass das nicht ganz unrealistisch ist." Auf der Habenseite in Sachsen-Anhalt: Mit mehr als elf Prozent das beste Landesergebnis bei der vergangenen Bundestagswahl - und damit drittstärkste Kraft hinter AfD und CDU. Heute allerdings: In Wahlumfragen mal knapp drin, mal unter vier Prozent.
"One has strong hopes that this could succeed in Saxony-Anhalt, and the figures suggest that it is not entirely unrealistic." On the credit side in Saxony-Anhalt: with more than eleven percent, the best state result at the last federal election - and thus the third-strongest force behind the AfD and the CDU. Today, however: sometimes just barely in, sometimes below four percent in opinion polls.
'könnte' is Konjunktiv II of 'können', marking reported/tentative possibility.
Lebensmittel würden aber nicht sofort teurer.
But food would not become more expensive right away.
würden plus infinitive expresses a hypothetical consequence rather than a real event.
Die Kräfte hätten für diesen Fall vorsorglich Löschwassertanks in den möglicherweise betroffenen Gebieten aufgestellt.
The forces would have set up fire-water tanks in the potentially affected areas as a precaution.
The perfect Konjunktiv II marks the event as unreal or merely reported, typical of journalistic hearsay.
"Aktuell ist das beherrschbar." Falls der Wind auffrische und in eine ungünstige Richtung drehe, könnte dies das Feuer aber erneut stärker anfachen.
'It is currently manageable.' But if the wind were to pick up and turn in an unfavourable direction, this could once again fan the fire more strongly.
'Könnte' is the Konjunktiv II of 'können', expressing a hypothetical consequence of the condition.
Sollte die EU-Kommission nicht widersprechen, gilt die Regelung bis Mitte März kommenden Jahres. Die Kontrollen an den deutschen Außengrenzen sollen um ein weiteres halbes Jahr bis Mitte März verlängert werden.
Should the EU Commission not object, the regulation will apply until mid-March of next year. The checks at the German external borders are to be extended by a further six months until mid-March.
Sollte is Konjunktiv II of sollen, marking the condition as hypothetical rather than factual.
"Wenn Hitzeschutz mit baulichen Veränderungen an der Wohnung verbunden ist, ist das bislang gar nicht so einfach." Es müssten per Gesetz "für beide Seiten klare und praktikable Regelungen" geschaffen werden.
If heat protection is connected with structural changes to the flat, that is not at all easy at present. Clear and workable regulations 'for both sides' would have to be created by law.
'müssten' expresses a hypothetical necessity: what would have to be done.
Am Ende dürften es rund vier Wochen sein.
In the end it will probably be around four weeks.
'dürften' is Konjunktiv II of 'dürfen' used for a hedged assumption rather than permission.
"Wenn man hier landet, sieht man zerbombte Flugzeuge, die Stadt ist perforiert, also es schaut aus, als ob man mit einem Pfefferstreuer über die Stadt gegangen wäre und hätte jedes Gebäude gesprenkelt." Khartum sei komplett zerschossen.
"When you land here, you see bombed-out planes; the city is riddled with holes — in other words, it looks as if someone had walked over the city with a pepper shaker and had speckled every building." Khartoum, it is said, is completely shot up.
The als-ob comparison expresses something unreal, requiring Konjunktiv II of the perfect with wäre/hätte.
Die Fall konnte nicht aufgeklärt werden - bis jetzt: Die Ermittler sind davon überzeugt, dass ein damals 25-jähriger Neonazi das Feuer legte.
The case could not be cleared up — until now: the investigators are convinced that a then 25-year-old neo-Nazi set the fire.
preterite konnte expresses unreal/past possibility: the case could not be solved
Prävention hätte helfen können.
Prevention could have helped.
Hätte is Konjunktiv II of haben, marking the counterfactual idea that prevention did not happen.
"Eine Möglichkeit wäre, einen Deckel für Eigenanteile aufzusetzen, der je nach Einkommen höher oder niedriger ausgelegt ist", sagte Jung, der Leipziger Oberbürgermeister ist.
"One option would be to put a cap on personal contributions, which would be set higher or lower depending on income," said Jung, who is Lord Mayor of Leipzig.
wäre is Konjunktiv II of sein, marking the proposal as hypothetical rather than factual.
Für die kommunalen Haushalte wäre eine solche Umstellung "Jahr für Jahr eine Entlastung in Milliardenhöhe".
For municipal budgets, such a change would be 'a relief amounting to billions, year after year'.
The subjunctive form of sein signals a hypothetical consequence rather than a fact.
"So würden Menschen, die ihr Leben lang hart gearbeitet haben, nicht mehr wegen der Pflegekosten in die Sozialhilfe fallen", sagte Städtetagspräsident Burkhard Jung (SPD) der Neuen Osnabrücker Zeitung.
"That way, people who have worked hard all their lives would no longer fall into social assistance because of the costs of long-term care," said the president of the Association of German Cities, Burkhard Jung (SPD), to the Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung.
The hypothetical proposal is expressed with würde + infinitive rather than indicative, marking it as a desired or counterfactual outcome.
Es gebe zwar noch Vorbehalte, aber auch ermutigende Signale. Hubig nannte etwa die Reaktion von Kanzler Friedrich Merz auf den Anschlag in Berlin.
There are indeed still reservations, but also encouraging signals. Hubig, for instance, cited the reaction of Chancellor Friedrich Merz to the attack in Berlin.
The subjunctive II form 'gebe' of 'sein' marks reported speech, signalling that the speaker is relaying someone else's claim.
In der schwarz-roten Regierungskoalition müsste die Justizministerin aber noch die CDU von ihrem Vorhaben überzeugen.
In the black-red coalition, however, the justice minister would still have to convince the CDU of her plan.
'Müsste' is the Konjunktiv II form of 'müssen', expressing hypothetical rather than factual necessity.
Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, würde ich dir bei der Arbeit helfen.
If I had more time, I would help you with the work.
Both clauses use Konjunktiv II to express something contrary to fact.
Chirurg Michael Zyskowski erklärt, was die Roller gefährlich macht und welche Maßnahmen helfen könnten.
The surgeon Michael Zyskowski explains what makes the e-scooters dangerous and which measures could help.
'Könnten' is subjunctive II, marking the measures as hypothetical possibilities rather than facts.
Wie das gelingen könnte, will die AWO mit einer Studie darlegen.
How this could succeed is something the AWO intends to demonstrate with a study.
'Könnte' is the subjunctive II of 'können', softening the claim to a possibility rather than a certainty.
Wie es für die Branche läuft - und wo die Politik nachschärfen könnte. Von Philipp Wundersee Zwischen LED-beleuchteten Pflanzen, Ledersofas und speziellem Cannabis-Dünger wirbt die Branche um Besucherinnen und Besucher in den Hallen der Düsseldorfer Messe "Cannafair".
How things are going for the industry – and where politics could sharpen things up. Between LED-lit plants, leather sofas and special cannabis fertiliser, the industry is courting visitors in the halls of the Düsseldorf trade fair 'Cannafair'.
'könnte' is Konjunktiv II of 'können', expressing a hypothetical possibility about what politics might do.
Artikel 3 des Grundgesetzes verbietet die Diskriminierung aus verschiedenen Gründen - aus Sicht von Justizministerin Stefanie Hubig sollte ein weiterer Grund hinzukommen.
Article 3 of the Basic Law prohibits discrimination on various grounds - in the view of Justice Minister Stefanie Hubig, a further ground should be added.
Subjunctive II of sollen signals an indirect, attributed opinion in journalistic style.
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